Other names: in France: 

Mother: unknown
Father: unknown

Country of origin: France

Breeder/License holder: clone producers
Number of clones: a large number (French, German, USA etc), details on individual clones are presented at the end of this report.

Year of entry into the German Federal Office's Varieties Register: 
Area planted in Germany: 821 hectares
Area planted in England: now the largest, although most are not yet producing grapes.

Wine Character - colour: 
                      - bouquet: arômes de acacia, amande, amande grillée, amande verte, ambre, aubépine, banane, beurre frais, brioche, cannelle, cassis, cerise, champignon, chèvrefeuille, cire, citron, cuir, coing, épices, feuille de cassis, fleur d'oranger, foin fraîchement coupé, fougère(léger), fruits secs, herbe fraîche, lilas, lys, mangue, marron glacé, menthe verte, mie de pain, miel, mousseron, mûre, noisette, noisette grillée, notes beurrées, noyau de pêche, orange confite, ortie blanche, pain beurré, pain grillé, pamplemousse, papaye, pâte d'amande, pêche blanche, pétale de rose, pierre à fusil, poire, poivre, pomme, réglisse, silex, sous bois, sureau, tabac blond, tilleul, toast, truffe, vanille, verveine, violette.
                      - palate: from unripe grapes it is thin and grassy, from very ripe grapes it is aromatic and full-bodied

Time of bud-burst: 

Shoot-tip: 
Strength of growth: 
Growth of side-shoots: above average

Leaf: - size:                                         - shape:
        - colour: 
        - surface undulation: smooth          - petiolar sinus: U shape

Flowering time: 
Flowering strength: 

Grape bunch: - size: small to medium      - density: compact
                   - shape: cylindrical
Berries:        - size: small to medium      - shape: round, perhaps slightly elongated
                   - skin colour: green, yellow as it approaches full maturity

Time of veraison: 
Time of harvest: 

Grape yield: 
Must-weight: 
Must-acidity: high

Wood ripening: good
Winter hardiness: good
Wood colour: 

Chlorosis resistance: 
Susceptibility to - Oidium: yes                  - Peronospora: 
                       - Botrytis: yes                 - Roter Brenner: 
                       - Phomopsis                    - Stem-atrophy: 

Preferred soil: chalk/limestone
Suitable rootstocks: SO4. For close planting, 3309, Fercal, 161-49.

Normal stem height: 
Normal row spacing: 
Vine spacing in the row: 

Winter Pruning:       eyes/buds per sq. metre of land occupied by the plant.

Advantages:  

Disadvantages:  Needs a suitable site and soil.

Summary table of clones:-

    Burgundy-type >>---------------------------->>Champagne-type

French (ENTAV) clones:-

Clones certified by the French government authorities and available under the ENTAV/INRA (L'Etablissement National Technique pour l'Amélioration de la Viticulture/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France) trademark. After each clone has passed through a period of sanitary and genetic selection it undergoes registration and is assigned a unique certification number by ONIVINS (Office National Interprofessional des Vins, France) after approval by the CTPS (Committee of Selection of Cultivated Plants of the French Ministry of Agriculture).
ONIVINS has recently (2010) been renamed Agri Mer.

In 2006 there were 34 different clones planted in France, however, some of these have become obsolete. Most of the clones were developed at the University of Burgundy in Dijon; they have been classified as Dijon/Burgundy type or Chardonnay type (more vigorous, higher yielding, higher acidity). The current clones are:-

Dijon/Burgundy clones: 75, 76, 78, 95, 96, 116, 117, 118, 119, 277, 548, 809

Champagne clones: 118, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132

also 122, 128, 414, 415, 549, 1066, 1067, 1068.

 

ENTAV 95

Information compiled by ENTAV (in 1995) on five Chardonnay clones:-

Clone:                       76
Origin:              Saone-et-Loire
Fertility:                Medium (i.e. the number of bunches in relation to the number of buds left after pruning)
Bunch weight:         Medium
Yield potential:   Fairly high to high
Sugar content:       Superior
Wine character: Well balanced, fine wines typical of the variety, non-aromatic (very low concentrations of linalool and geraniol)
Observations:    Good quality and regular production

Clone:                       78
Origin:                 Côte d'Or
Fertility:                Medium to superior
Bunch weight:         Medium
Yield potential:    High to very high
Sugar content:        Inferior
Wine character: If there is over production the wines are neutral and thin
Observations:    Very productive, more regular production than clone 75.
                      Vigour and yield has to be controlled else the wine is neutral and 'common'

Clone:                       95
Origin:                 Côte d'Or
Fertility:                Medium
Bunch weight:         Medium
Yield potential:   Fairly high to high
Sugar content:       Superior
Wine character: Full, rich and balanced wines with fine aromas
Observations:    Very good in any situation

Clone:                       96
Origin:                 Côte d'Or
Fertility:                Medium
Bunch weight:         Medium
Yield potential:   Fairly high to high
Sugar content:        Medium
Wine character: Nervous, balanced wines and aromatic wines
Observations:    Regular and good production

Clone:                     277
Origin:                 Côte d'Or
Fertility:                Superior
Bunch weight:         Medium
Yield potential:   High to very high
Sugar content:        Medium
Wine character: Balanced and aromatic wines
Observations:    Vigour and yield has to be controlled else the wine is neutral and 'common'

 Long term trial results at Geisenheim: 83°Oe, 11.9 tonnes/hectare, 14.2 g/l acidity, 13% botrytis.

Gm 1

Gm 2

Gm 3

Geisenhein clones:- lower yielding Burgundy type clones:-

 Long term trial results at Geisenheim: 92°Oe, 12.7 tonnes/hectare, 10.6 g/l acidity, 17% botrytis.

Gm 50	Gm 51	Gm 52
Gm 53	Gm 54	Gm 57

Dreher clones: from vines originally obtained from France but then further selected in Germany by Gundram Dreher Rebenzuchtung:-

A - Group: low yield, intensive aroma Long term trial results: 101°Oe, 5 to 7.5 tonnes/hectare, 10.5 g/l acidity, 25 to 27% botrytis.	D 276	D 258
B - Group: medium yield, neutral character Long term trial results: 98.5°Oe, 7.6 to 9.8 tonnes/hectare, 9.8 g/l acidity, 18 to 36% botrytis.	D 278	D 263	D 264	D 269
	D 174	D 261	D 259	D 253
C - Group: high yield, neutral character Long term trial results: 96°Oe, 9.9 to 11.0 tonnes/hectare, 9.6 g/l acidity, 19 to 35% botrytis.	D 271	D 250	D 260

Steinmann clone:-

St 130 stems from Italy - SMA 130

Freiburg clones:-

Fr 150

Fr 151

Fr 152

Fr 155   aroma

 

Harvest results for 8 clones planted in one site in Germany:-

USA clones:-

Two clones of California origin (Foundation Plant Services, FPS 4 and FPS 72) were studied from 1998 to 2001 in comparison with 11 French clones:- 

Yield, berries per cluster, berry weight, cluster weight, and clusters per shoot differed significantly among clones. FPS 4 and ENTAV clone 96 had the highest yields; FPS 72 had the lowest, due to very low berry weight and fewer berries per cluster; there were no great differences among other clones.

Vegetative growth varied greatly by both clone and year. Overall FPS 72 had the highest pruning weights and clone 118 the lowest. Yield-to-pruning weight ratios were lowest for FPS 72 and highest for FPS 4.

FPS 4 and FPS 72 had the highest levels of titratable acidity at harvest.

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